Ukudla okuqandisiwe kusho ukudla okunekhwalithi efanelekile yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezicutshungulwe kahle, ziqandiswe ezingeni lokushisa elingu -30°C, bese zigcinwa futhi zisakazwe ku -18°C noma ngaphansi ngemva kokupakishwa.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokulondolozwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa okuphansi kuyo yonke inqubo, ukudla okuqandisiwe kunezici zempilo yeshalofu ende, okungaboli, nokusetshenziswa kalula, kodwa futhi kubangela okukhulu.inselelegeskanye nezidingo eziphakeme zezinto zokupakisha.
Okuvamileukupakisha ukudla okufriziweizinto zokwakha
Okwamanje, evamileizikhwama zokudla eziqandisiweemakethe sebenzisa kakhulu lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo:
1. I-PET/PE
Lesi sakhiwo sivame kakhulu ku- quick-ukupakisha ukudla okufriziwe.Inezindawo ezinhle zokuvala umswakama, ukumelana nokubanda, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
2. I-BOPP/PE, BOPP/CPP
Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo alukwazi ukumelana nomswakama, alukwazi ukumelana nokubanda, lunamandla amakhulu okubamba ukushisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi luyonga kakhulu ngezindleko.Phakathi kwazo, ukubukeka nokuzwakala kwezikhwama zokupakisha ezinesakhiwo se-BOPP/PE zingcono kunezo ezinesakhiwo se-PET/PE, ezingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. I-PET/VMPET/CPE, BOPP/VMPET/CPE
Ngenxa yokuba khona kongqimba lwe-aluminium plating, lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lunokuphrinta okuhle kwendawo, kodwa ukusebenza kwalo kokuvalwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuba mpofu kancane futhi izindleko ziphezulu, ngakho izinga lokusebenzisa kwalo liphansi kakhulu.
4. NY/PE, PET/NY/LLDPE, PET/NY/AL/PE, NY/PE
Ukupakishwa ngalolu hlobo lwesakhiwo amelana neqhwa kanye nomthelela.Ngenxa yobukhona bongqimba lwe-NY, ukumelana kwayo kokubhoboza kuhle kakhulu, kodwa izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu.Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukupakisha imikhiqizo engama-angular noma esindayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi isikhwama se-PE esilula, esivame ukusetshenziswa njengengaphandleisikhwama sokupakisha semifinofuthiukudla okulula okufriziwe.
Ngaphezu kwezikhwama zokupakisha, ezinyeukudla okuqandisiwezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathreyi ama-blister.I-tray material esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-PP.I-PP yezinga lokudla ihlanzeke kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi angu-30°C.Kukhona futhi i-PET nezinye izinto.Njengephakeji yezokuthutha evamile, amabhokisi kathayela ayizinto zokuqala okufanele zicatshangelwe emaphaketheni ezinto zokuhamba eziqandisiwe ngenxa yobufakazi bawo bokushaqeka, izakhiwo ezikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola zokupakisha ukudla okufriziwe
Izimpahla ezifanelekile kufanele zibe namaphakheji afanelekayo.Ngaphezu kokuhlola umkhiqizo ngokwawo, ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kufanele futhi kuhlole ukupakishwa.Kuphela ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa kungangena emkhakheni wokujikeleza..
Njengamanje, awekho amazinga akhethekile kazwelonke okuhlolwa kweukupakisha ukudla okufriziwe.Ochwepheshe bemboni basebenzisana nabakhiqizi bokudla okuqandisiwe ukuze bakhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa kwamazinga embonini.Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga amaphakheji, abakhiqizi bokudla okuqandisiwe kufanele bahlangabezane namazinga ajwayelekile kazwelonke wezinto zokupakisha ezifanele.
Ngokwesibonelo:
I-GB 9685-2008 "Amazinga Enhlanzeko Okusetshenziswa Kwezithako Zeziqukathi Zokudla Nezinto Zokupakisha" ibeka izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka zezithasiselo ezisetshenziswa ezitsheni zokudla nezinto zokupakisha;
I-GB/T 10004-2008 "Ifilimu Eyinhlanganisela Yepulasitiki Yokupakisha, I-Dry Lamination for Bags, kanye ne-Extrusion Lamination" icacisa amafilimu ayinhlanganisela, izikhwama, namafilimu ayinhlanganisela enziwe ngezinqubo ezomile ze-lamination ne-co-extrusion lamination ezingenayo isisekelo sephepha ne-aluminium. ucwecwe., ukubukeka kanye nezinkomba ezibonakalayo zesikhwama, futhi isho inani le-solvent esele esikhwameni esihlanganisiwe nefilimu;
I-GB 9688-1988 "Izinga Lenhlanzeko Lemikhiqizo Ebunjiwe Ye-Polypropylene Yokupakisha Ukudla" ibeka izinkomba ezibonakalayo nezamakhemikhali zokupakishwa okubunjiwe kwe-PP zokudla, ezingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokwakhiwa kwamazinga amathreyi amabhamuza e-PP okudla okukhethiwe okuqandisiwe;
I-GB/T 4857.3-4 kanye ne-GB/T 6545-1998 "Indlela yokunquma amandla aqhumayo ekhadibhodi likathayela" ngokulandelanayo ihlinzeka ngezidingo zamandla okupakisha kanye namandla okuqhuma kwamabhokisi kathayela.
Ukwengeza, ekusebenzeni kwangempela, abakhiqizi bokudla okuqandisiwe bazophinda bakhe amazinga athile ezinkampani afanelana nezimo zabo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela, njengezidingo zobuningi zamathreyi amabhamuza, amabhakede anegwebu neminye imikhiqizo ebunjiwe.
Izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu azinakuzitshwa
1. ukudla okomile ukusetshenziswa, "iqhwa evuthayo" mkhuba
Isitoreji esiqandisiwe singanciphisa kakhulu ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms futhi kunciphise izinga lokubola kokudla.Kodwa-ke, ngenqubo ethile yokuqandisa, ukusetshenziswa okomile kanye ne-oxidation yokudla kuzoba kubi kakhulu ngokwandiswa kwesikhathi sokuqandisa.
Esiqandisini, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomusi wamanzi ukucindezela kwengxenye kukhona okufana nalokhu: indawo yokudla> umoya ozungezile> opholile.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kungenxa yokushisa okuvela endaweni yokudla kudluliselwa emoyeni ozungezile, futhi izinga lokushisa liyancipha ngokwengeziwe;ngakolunye uhlangothi, umehluko wengcindezi eyingxenye phakathi komhwamuko wamanzi okhona endaweni yokudla kanye nomoya ozungezile ubangela amanzi, ukuhwamuka kwekristalu yeqhwa kanye ne-sublimation ibe umhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni.
Kuze kube manje, umoya oqukethe umhwamuko owengeziwe wehlisa ukuminyana kwawo futhi uhamba phezu kwefriji.Emazingeni okushisa aphansi e-cooler, umhwamuko uthinta indawo epholile bese ujiya ube isithwathwa ukuze usinamathisele, futhi ukuminyana komoya kuyakhula, ngaleyo ndlela uyacwila bese uthintana nokudla futhi.Le nqubo izophindaphindiwe, ukujikeleza, amanzi ebusweni bokudla ahlala elahlekile, isisindo siyancipha, lesi simo "ukusetshenziswa okomile".Enkambweni yomkhuba wokusetshenziswa okomile okuqhubekayo, ubuso bokudla buyoba kancane kancane izicubu ezinama-porous, okwandisa indawo yokuxhumana ne-oksijeni, kusheshise i-oxidation yamafutha okudla, i-pigment, i-browning ebusweni, i-protein denaturation, lesi simo "sishisa okokuqandisa".
Ngenxa yokudluliselwa komhwamuko wamanzi kanye nokusabela kwe-oxidation komoya-mpilo emoyeni yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi simo esingenhla, ngakho-ke njengesithiyo phakathi kokudla okuqandisiwe nomhlaba wangaphandle, izinto zokupakisha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwazo kwangaphakathi kufanele zibe namanzi amahle. ukusebenza kokuvimbela umhwamuko kanye ne-oxygen.
2. Umthelela wendawo yokugcina eqandisiwe emandleni emishini yezinto zokupakisha
Njengoba sonke sazi, amapulasitiki azoba brittle futhi athambekele ekuqhekekeni lapho evezwe ezindaweni ezishisayo isikhathi eside, futhi izakhiwo zabo zomzimba zizokwehla kakhulu, okubonisa ubuthakathaka bezinto zepulasitiki mayelana nokumelana okubandayo okubandayo.Ngokuvamile, ukumelana okubandayo kwamapulasitiki kuvezwa ukushisa kwe-embrittlement.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, ipulasitiki iba brittle futhi kulula ukuphuka ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwe-polymer molecular chain.Ngaphansi kwamandla omthelela ashiwo, ama-50% epulasitiki azoba nokwehluleka okuqinile.Izinga lokushisa ngalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa elibi.Okungukuthi, umkhawulo ophansi wokushisa wokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezinto zepulasitiki.Uma izinto zokupakisha ezisetshenziselwa ukudla okuqandisiwe zikwazi ukumelana nokubanda okubi, phakathi nezinqubo zokuthutha kamuva nokulayisha nokuthulula, ama-protrusions abukhali okudla okufriziwe angabhoboza iphakheji kalula, okubangele izinkinga zokuvuza futhi kusheshise ukonakala kokudla.
Ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha,ukudla okuqandisiwe kuyapakishwaemabhokisini kathayela.Izinga lokushisa lesitoreji esibandayo livamise ukusetha ku -24℃~-18℃.Endaweni ebandayo, amabhokisi kathayela azomunca kancane umswakama endaweni, futhi ngokuvamile afinyelele ibhalansi yomswakama ezinsukwini ezingu-4.Ngokwezincwadi ezifanele, lapho ibhokisi likathayela lifinyelela ibhalansi yomswakama, umswakama walo uzokwenyuka ngo-2% kuya ku-3% uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esomile.Ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sesiqandisi, amandla okucindezela onqenqemeni, amandla okucindezela, namandla okubopha amabhokisi kathayela azokwehla kancane kancane, futhi azokwehla ngo-31%, 50%, no-21% ngokulandelana ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-4.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemva kokufaka isitoreji esibandayo, amandla omshini wamabhokisi kathayela azokwehla.Amandla ayathinteka ngokwezinga elithile, okwandisa ingozi engaba khona yokuwa kwebhokisi esigabeni sakamuva..
Ukudla okuqandisiwe kuzokwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi yokulayisha nokuthulula ngesikhathi sokuthutha kusuka endaweni ebandayo kuya endaweni yokuthengisa.Ukushintsha njalo komehluko wokushisa kubangela ukuba umhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni ozungeze ibhokisi likathayela uminyene phezu kwebhokisi, futhi umswakama wekhathoni ukhuphuka ngokushesha ufinyelele ku-19%., amandla ayo okucindezela onqenqemeni azokwehla cishe ngo-23% ukuya ku-25%.Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla emishini yebhokisi likathayela azophinde alimale, okwandisa amathuba okugoqa kwebhokisi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenqubo yokupakisha amakhathoni, amabhokisi aphezulu afaka ingcindezi eqhubekayo emile emakhathoni aphansi.Lapho amabhokisi emunca umswakama futhi enciphisa ukumelana nokucindezela kwawo, amabhokisi aphansi azokhubazeka futhi achotshozwe kuqala.Ngokwezibalo, ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okubangelwa ukuwa kwamabhokisi ngenxa yokumuncwa komswakama kanye ne-akhawunti yokunqwabelanisa okuphezulu kakhulu cishe okungamaphesenti angama-20 okulahlekelwa okuphelele ohlelweni lokujikeleza.
Izixazululo
Ukuze unciphise imvamisa yezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu ezingenhla futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kokudla okuqandisiwe, ungaqala kulezi zici ezilandelayo.
1. Khetha izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi ezinesithiyo esiphezulu namandla aphezulu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokupakisha ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene.Kuphela ngokuqonda izici ezibonakalayo zezinto ezihlukahlukene zokupakisha singakwazi ukukhetha izinto ezifanele ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuvikela zokudla okuqandisiwe, ukuze zingagcini nje ngokugcina ukunambitheka nekhwalithi yokudla, kodwa futhi zibonise ukubaluleka komkhiqizo.
Njengamanje, ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo kwepulasitiki okusetshenziswa emkhakheni wokudla okuqandisiwe kuhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezintathu:
Uhlobo lokuqalaizikhwama zokupakisha ezinongqimba olulodwa, njengezikhwama ze-PE, ezinemiphumela emibi kakhulu yesithiyo futhi evame ukusetshenziselwa ukupakishwa kwemifino;
Isigaba sesibili sithiizikhwama zepulasitiki ezithambile eziyinhlanganisela, ezisebenzisa izinto ezinamathelayo ukuze zibophe izingqimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto zefilimu yepulasitiki ndawonye, njenge-OPP/LLDPE, NY/LLDPE, njll., ezinezakhiwo ezinhle uma kuqhathaniswa zokuvikela umswakama, ukumelana nokubanda, nezindawo zokubhoboza;
Isigaba sesithathu sithiizikhwama zepulasitiki eziguquguqukayo ezinezingqimba eziningi, lapho izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinemisebenzi ehlukene njenge-PA, PE, PP, PET, EVOH, njll. zincibilika futhi zikhishwe ngokuhlukana, zihlanganiswe ku-main die, bese zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngemva kokubumba igalelo nokupholisa., lolu hlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo alusebenzisi ama-adhesives futhi lunezici zokungangcolisi, umgoqo ophezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, njll.
Idatha ibonisa ukuthi emazweni athuthukile nasezifundeni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-akhawunti yesigaba sesithathu sokupakisha cishe ku-40% wesamba sokupakishwa kokudla okuqandisiwe, kuyilapho ezweni lami kubala cishe u-6% futhi kudinga ukuthuthukiswa..
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinto ezintsha ziyavela ngokulandelana, futhi ifilimu yokupakisha edliwayo ingomunye wabameleli.Isebenzisa ama-polysaccharides abolayo, amaprotheni noma ama-lipids njenge-matrix, futhi yenza ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni bokudla okuqandisiwe kusetshenziswa izinto ezidliwayo zemvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokusebenzisana kwama-intermolecular ngokusonga, ukucwiliswa, ukumboza noma ukufafaza., ukulawula ukudluliswa komswakama kanye nokungena kwe-oxygen.Lolu hlobo lwefilimu lunokumelana namanzi okusobala kanye nokumelana nokuqina kwegesi okuqinile.Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingadliwa nokudla okufriziwe ngaphandle kokungcoliswa, futhi inamathemba abanzi okusebenza.
2. Thuthukisa ukumelana nokubanda namandla omshini wezinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi
Indlela yokuqala, khetha inhlanganisela enengqondo noma izinto ezingavuthiwe ezikhishwe ngokuhlanganyela.
Inayiloni, i-LLDPE, i-EVA zonke zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokumelana nezinyembezi kanye nokumelana nomthelela.Ukwengezwa kwezinto ezinjalo zokusetshenziswa kunqubo eyinhlanganisela noma ye-co-extrusion kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nokungangeni kwamanzi nomoya kanye namandla emishini yezinto zokupakisha.
Indlela yesibili, ngokufanelekile ukwandisa ingxenye plasticizers. I-Plasticizer isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza buthaka isibopho esiphansi phakathi kwama-polymer molecule, ukuze kwandiswe ukuhamba kwe-polymer molecular chain, ukunciphisa i-crystallization, okubonakala njengokuncipha kokuqina kwe-polymer, izinga lokushisa le-modulus embrittlement, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobude nokuguquguquka.
3. thuthukisa amandla okucindezela amabhokisi kathayela
Njengamanje, imakethe ngokuyisisekelo isebenzisa ibhokisi likathayela eliboshiwe ukuthutha ukudla okuqandisiwe, leli khathoni lizungezwe izipikili ezine zamabhodi kathayela, phezulu naphansi ngamaphiko amane aphukile asonga uhlobo lokwenziwa.Ngokuhlaziywa kwezincwadi nokuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa, kungatholwa ukuthi ukuwa kwebhokisi kwenzeka ekhadini elinesine elibekwe ngokuqondile esakhiweni sebhokisi, ngakho ukuqinisa amandla okucindezela ale ndawo kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla acindezelayo ebhokisi.Ikakhulukazi, okokuqala, odongeni lwebhokisi elizungeze ukungezwa komkhono wendandatho, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ikhadibhodi likathayela, ukunwebeka kwalo, ukumuncwa kokushaqeka, kungavimbela ukudla okuqandisiwe ukubhoboza okubukhali amakhadibhodi.Okwesibili, ukwakheka kwebhokisi lohlobo lwebhokisi kungasetshenziswa, lolu hlobo lwebhokisi ngokuvamile lwenziwa ngezingcezu eziningi zebhodi likathayela, umzimba webhokisi kanye nesembozo sebhokisi kuyahlukaniswa, ngokusebenzisa isembozo ukuze kusetshenziswe.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokupakisha, amandla acindezelayo ebhokisi lesakhiwo esivaliwe cishe aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kunalebhokisi lesakhiwo esisikiwe.
4. Qinisa ukuhlolwa kokupakisha
Ukupakisha kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni okuqandisiwe, ngakho-ke umbuso wenze i-GB / T24617-2009 Frozen Food Logistics Packaging, Mark, Transportation and Storage, SN / T0715-1997 Export Frozen Food Commodity Packaging Inspection Regulations kanye nezinye izimiso nemithetho efanele. ngokubeka izidingo ezincane zokusebenza kwempahla yokupakisha, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yenqubo yonke kusukela ekuhlinzekweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zokupakisha, inqubo yokupakisha kanye nomphumela wokupakisha.Kulokhu, ibhizinisi kufanele lisungule ilabhorethri yokulawula ikhwalithi yokupakisha ephelele, efakwe isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe se-oxygen / umphunga wamanzi, umshini ohlakaniphile wokuhlola ukungezwani kwe-elekthronikhi, umshini wokuhlola i-carton compressor test, ukusebenza kwesithiyo sokupakisha esiqandisiwe, ukumelana nokucindezela, ukubhoboza. ukumelana, ukumelana nezinyembezi, ukumelana nomthelela kanye nochungechunge lokuhlola.
Ukufingqa, izinto zokupakisha zokudla okuqandisiwe zibhekene nezidingo eziningi ezintsha kanye nezinkinga ezintsha ohlelweni lokufaka isicelo.Ukutadisha nokuxazulula lezi zinkinga kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokugcinwa nokuthutha kokudla okuqandisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlola ukupakisha, ukusungulwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesistimu yedatha yokuhlola izinto zokupakisha, kuzophinde kunikeze isisekelo socwaningo sokukhethwa kwezinto ezizayo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-23-2023
